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在H13模具钢多层激光熔覆过程中，通过预置表面织构以降低激光熔覆后模具钢熔覆层的残余应力，减少其裂纹的产生。首先，对待加工表面进行预处理，预置正方形表面织构，并利用Ansys软件APDL语言模拟激光熔覆过程，对熔覆过程中的温度场和应力场进行了耦合分析研究；其次，结合正交实验模拟结果研究预置织构对激光熔覆层温度场和残余应力的影响；最后，进行实验测定。研究结果表明，对正交仿真实验结果进行均值化分析可知，最优熔覆参数为激光功率P=400 W，扫描速率v=20 mm/s，激光光斑半径R=0.8 mm，影响熔覆层残余应力的影响程度顺序依次为激光功率>激光光斑半径>扫描速率。将最优参数下有、无织构的仿真及实际加工结果进行对比，仿真结果中有织构激光熔覆后工件表面的残余应力降低了25.96%，实际熔覆后有织构工件表面的残余应力18.55%。因此通过在H13模具钢基体表面预置织构的方法，可以降低熔覆层残余应力，从而减少或消除裂纹的产生，在利用激光熔覆进行模具再制造过程中可以起到积极有效的作用。
Abstract：In the process of multi-layer laser cladding of H13 die steel, the residual stress of the cladding layer after laser cladding is reduced by presetting the surface texture. Firstly, the surface was pretreated, the square surface texture was preconfigured, and the laser cladding process was simulated by the APDL language of Ansys software, and the temperature field and stress field in the cladding process were analyzed and studied. Secondly, the influence of preset texture on the temperature field and residual stress of the laser cladding layer is studied by orthogonal simulation results. Finally, the experiment was carried out. The research results show that the average analysis of the orthogonal simulation experiment results shows that the optimal cladding parameters are laser power P = 400 W, scanning speed v = 20 mm/s, and laser beam radius R = 0.8 mm, and the sequence of factors affecting residual stress of cladding layer is laser power > laser beam radius > scanning speed. A comparison between the results of simulations and the actual processing results under optimal parameters showed a 25.96% reduction in residual stress on the surface of cladded workpieces with textures compared to those without textures in simulations, and an 18.55% reduction in residual stress on the surface of cladded workpieces with textures compared to those without textures in actual processing. Therefore, the application of presetting textures on the surface of H13 mold steel has been demonstrated to effectively reduce residual stress within the cladding layer, thereby minimizing or eliminating crack formation. This has been shown to play a positive and effective role in the mold remanufacturing process using laser cladding.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2025.01.003
中图分类号:TG174.4;TG665
引用信息:
[1]赵昌龙,于子策,杜伟龙等.表面织构对H13模具钢激光熔覆残余应力影响分析[J].制造技术与机床,2025,No.751(01):21-27.DOI:10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2025.01.003.
基金信息:
吉林省自然科学基金项目“表面织构及超声波辐射对激光熔覆层力学性能影响研究”（20240101088JC）